Security and shielding

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The main protection against SQL injections is placeholders. Manual screening is only necessary in in rare cases (dynamic SQL that cannot be expressed by a placeholder).

Rule #1 - placeholders

// ХОРОШО — значение экранируется QueryBuilder
DB::query('SELECT * FROM p WHERE title = %s AND rubric_id = %i', $title, $rid);

// ОПАСНО — прямая склейка пользовательского ввода
DB::query("SELECT * FROM p WHERE title = '$title'");   // ← SQL-инъекция

The full list of placeholders is placeholders.md.

Manual escaping (when you can’t do without it)

Method	What does
`DB::escape($value)`	Escape the string (without quotes).
`DB::quote($value)`	Escape and wrap in quotes.
`DB::safe($value)`	Safe casting.

$name = DB::quote($userInput);         // 'экранированное_значение'
DB::query('... WHERE name = ' . $name);

If you can express it through %s/%i/%li, do it, and not manually quote.

Table and field names

Identifiers (table/column names) cannot be parameterized as values - for them there are %b / %lb (wrapped in backquotes) and table name resolvers.

DB::query('SELECT * FROM %b WHERE %b = %i', $table, $column, $id);

If the field name comes from outside (for example, “search by selected field”) - check with whitelist of valid fields before substitution, even with %b.

$allowed = array('title', 'article', 'alias');
if (!in_array($field, $allowed, true)) { $field = 'title'; }
DB::query('SELECT * FROM p WHERE %b LIKE %ss', $field, $q);

`%l` - raw value

%l inserts the value as is, without escaping. Use only for trusted, software-generated fragments (for example, pre-assembled conditions), never for user input.

Checklist

All values are through placeholders (%i, %s, %ss, %li, ...).
Table names - via resolvers; field names - via %b + whitelist.
No concatenation of $_GET/$_POST into an SQL string.
%l/safe - only for trusted data.
On a post that changes state (POST) - CSRF check at the controller level.

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